Cloud Computing for Smart

Question: Talk about the Cloud Computing for S-shop. Answer: Cloud Benefits Given the huge size of S-shop a distributed computing framework would be effective as the need to set up physical servers is disposed of [6]. Size of server farms can be hugely diminished which thus would lessen the support cost of the equivalent. The adaptability of cloud is incredibly high and the extra room can be effortlessly expanded as the client base of S-shop in tremendous. If there should be an occurrence of conventional server farms, the establishment expenses of new server are high when contrasted with the expense acquired by distributed computing. Joint effort in the advanced space is a lot simpler when information is put away in a cloud. S-Mart distributes information identified with the product offering, clients and the buys. Distributing of this information can be speedy and mistake free when done through a distributed computing framework. Business Continuity: Protecting information is basic for business congruity. Distributed computing guarantee information back up and simple recuperation of lost information [2]. It is very effective in limiting personal time because of information misfortune and rapidly sets the business fully operational. The help administrations gave by cloud specialist organizations is hearty. Numerous suppliers have a committed 24*7 help administration built up and the SLA is fast [7]. Subsequently, S-store would not need to stress over upkeep issue of the information frameworks. Cloud Risks Should be associated with the web: Cloud needs access to the web and there are not many capacities that should be possible disconnected. Security: Most specialist co-ops encourage the best security administrations for distributed storage. Notwithstanding, it is as yet unsafe to put classified and significant documents with an outsider [3]. Additionally, since the cloud is open the opportunity of hacking and break by outside powers is available. Be that as it may, the probability of a similar happening is low because of the different security levels and industry testaments applied by the specialist organization [8]. Constrained Control: Since the customer doesn't possess the framework of cloud and the equivalent is altogether claimed by the specialist organization, restricted control of foundation backend, for example, firmware the executives is given to the customer [5]. Merchant Lock In: This is a significant issue when a customer chooses to change the cloud specialist organization. In spite of the fact that the different innovations of distributed computing had propelled, seller lock in is one issue where the innovation needs. Incorporating current cloud applications on another stage may get testing Cost: Computation of the expense for moving ti cloud can be dubious. It is basic to ensure that all the customary applications utilized are upheld by cloud too [1]. In the event that, this isn't understood, costs as perfect applications would emerge. Cloud Based System Design The beneath picture portrays an example of the design of the cloud based framework that would be executed for S-bazaar. The picture is of a failover multi-cloud engineering where cloud X is the essential cloud where all the information is really put away while cloud Y is a reinforcement distributed storage. This offers Infrastructure as a support of store information with virtual machines, servers and so forth [4]. Figure 1: Proposed cloud framework based engineering for S-shop Source: https://docs.rightscale.com/cm/designers_guide/cm-distributed computing framework engineering diagrams.html Structure defenses The engineering referenced in Figure 1 has been decided for the beneath reasons. The heap on the cloud is tremendous during week after week updates of enormous information by S-shop and consequently an auxiliary cloud with a server cluster would be gainful if there should arise an occurrence of surprising burden. The auxiliary database gave high back up security and next to no possibility of information misfortune Because of the different parts of S-shop working on cloud, the heap balancer has been introduced which partitions load similarly to all the applications, that would do the calculation procedure Every one of the application processor of the server exhibit would initially associate with the essential database, in any case, if there should arise an occurrence of high burden the replication of information done however open and private IP can be utilized to guarantee that the calculation speed doesn't diminish. The above structure is perfect for S-shop in the event that as the organization routinely watches tremendous information, with different offices putting away and recovering information structure the cloud. The replication framework guarantees that the information is supported up consistently and is proficient during information recuperation. The heap balancers help the server exhibit to perform calculation quicker. References Chaisiri, Sivadon, Bu-Sung Lee, and Dusit Niyato. Streamlining of asset provisioning cost in distributed computing. Services Computing, IEEE Transactions on 5, no. 2 (2012): 164-177. Erl, Thomas, Ricardo Puttini, and Zaigham Mahmood. Distributed computing: ideas, innovation, engineering. Pearson Education, 2013. Hashizume, Keiko, David G. Rosado, Eduardo Fernndez-Medina, and Eduardo B. Fernandez. An examination of security issues for distributed computing. Journal of Internet Services and Applications 4, no. 1 (2013): 1-13. Jadeja, Yaju, and Kavan Modi. Distributed computing ideas, engineering and difficulties. In Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies (ICCEET), 2012 International Conference on, pp. 877-880. IEEE, 2012. Moreno-Vozmediano, Rafael, Rubn S. Montero, and Ignacio M. Llorente. Key difficulties in distributed computing: Enabling the future web of administrations. Internet Computing, IEEE 17, no. 4 (2013): 18-25. Wang, Cong, Qian Wang, Kui Ren, Ning Cao, and Wenjing Lou. Toward secure and trustworthy capacity benefits in distributed computing. Services Computing, IEEE Transactions on 5, no. 2 (2012): 220-232. Younis, M. Y. An., and Kashif Kifayat. Secure distributed computing for basic foundation: A study. Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom, Tech. Rep (2013). Zissis, Dimitrios, and Dimitrios Lekkas. Tending to distributed computing security issues. Future Generation PC frameworks 28, no. 3 (2012): 583-592.

The Guide by R. K. Narayan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Guide by R. K. Narayan - Essay Example Th story is st in smll town whr th hro is visitor guid nd mts young lady who is ccompnid by hr husbnd. H gts fscintd by tht young lady nd with his chrm nd tlnt h mngs to gt th young lady wy from hr husbnd nd uss hr dncing tlnts to rn mony nd nds in jail nd onc h gts out of th jail h gos in to villg nd strts living nothr fls lif bcus of his chrm nd tlnt th villgrs revere him s god, yet how th hro trnsforms himslf in to somon who rlly ttins sttus of GOD. On my conclusion, a large portion of th srious considerations nd ids of th uthor r not stright in this book. To completely undrstnd it, on nds to possss littl bit of mturity to rlly pprcit it, nd I mn mturity in trms of spiritulity. Th grtst problm tht is dpictd in this book is th low qulity of indignous ldrship in his own socity. H dscribs Brhmns s clss or vn politicl bunch with rsponsibility for th brkdown of trditionl Hindu vlus nd organizations of govrnnc. It should b notd tht Nryn isn't dvout Hindu, nd h oftn ccuss Wstrnrs of wrongly assuming tht ll Indins r dply spiritul bings. In his novl Nryn undrtons Gndhism ,whr h calls attention to th phrs of Vln, Your pnnc is similr to Mhtm Gndhi's. H hs lft us discipl in you to sv us (Nryn , p 93). cntrl subject of th novl is th convrsion of Rju from his rol s visit guid to tht of spiritul guid, whr s visit guid nd lovr, h is imptuous, immorl, nd vn hdonistic. s rsult, ftr his imprisonmnt nd entirely trnsformtion h transforms into blessed, crful nd slf-disciplind mn. Th novl potrys two storis, tht of Rju's rltionship with Rosi, nd tht of Rju's rltionship with th villgrs s heavenly mn. Th novl thn ltrnts btwn n ccount of Rju's crr s sacred mn, which is told in th third-prson, nd Rju's ccount to Vln of his prvious crr s visit guid nd lovr. This dulism of th story is indication of th dulism in Rju's chrctr. Rju is dpictd s sympthtic chrctr all through th novl. Th hallucination in Rju's lif is Rosi, who dtrcts him wy from th dily routin of norml lif. Whn Rju ss hr for th first tim, h dscribs hr by utilizing words lik complxion not whit, however shadowy, which md hr just hlf visibl, s in the event that you sw hr through film of tndr coconut juic (Nryn ,p 29). It is n opn ndd novl whr nothing is vr rvld. In the event that you think it is correct, it will b so. You will probbly sk yourslf if th msk bcom so ovrpowring, tht it tks ovr Rju's rl chrctr nd stblishs it s th truth. Nryn's drk incongruity is dpictd through th mking of Mhtm in this novl, howvr, Rju's ws cs whr th physicl guid indd bcm spiritul guid, Swmi nd finlly th msk hs tkn ovr th chrctr. No on would sy tht it is basically just pssiv tking ovr, bcus in this cs th chrctr hs cquird th msk nd bcom on with it. Rju's rscu lis in his brvry to ccpt ll his follis nd pologiz for thm. I prsonlly nvr discovered Rju s immorl bcus in th intil prt, Rosi's sttus s wif is so sad tht I lmost wntd Rju nd Rosi to fll in lov. Hnc I don't s Rju's downfll s punishmnt for his immorlity. Rju's trgdy ws tht h could nvr sy no. h just ccptd ll tht ws push onto him nd in this manner plyd diffrnt rols. Hnc h bcm shop ownr, visitor guid nd ltr on n gnt to Nlini lis Rosi's dnc prformnc. Howvr, not tking dcision will be dcision in itslf nd indd, if Rju couldn't sy no, lso mns tht h wntd to sy no. Th nding is prhps th most nticing nd I bliv in Rju's trnsformtion from swindlr to sint. On the off chance that I don't gr with it, I will b stigmtizd s n thist. nd I m nithr, so I will lv th intrprttion of Rju's chrctr for ltr, cus I nd som tim to completely procss th

A bear encounter and a wild cow-milking contest

A bear encounter and a wild cow-milking contest Im currently in Missoula, Montana: hometown of ze boyfriend. When I arrived, he suggested that I borrow his sisters mountain bike for the summer. I hopped on the bike with the following points in mind: The last time I owned a bike, I was nine years old, The last time I felt comfortable riding a bike, I was nine years old, and In the past decade I have ridden a bike exactly twice: once on an eighth grade field trip (I lost control of the bike and threw myself off before it fell into a rock pit) and once in Albuquerque the summer after I graduated from high school (I lost control of the bike and slammed head-first into a bush), With a lot of coaxing, I managed to wobble (screeching) down the sidewalk to a gyro cafe and back. Two days later, I managed to transport myself down a riverside bike path.   Apparently my performance was worthy of leveling up, because a few days later I found myself in the passenger seat of Raphaels 88 Mercedes, two mountain bikes mounted on the back. The trail went eight miles up to Franklin Bridge, and the plan was to camp overnight before riding the eight miles back down the next morning. We reached the trail head a little after noon. I swung on my backpack (which had, among other things, our camping stove, fuel, and my sleeping bag) took a moment to think wow, this is actually a little heavy, got on the bike, and roamed around the parking lot for a while. I felt okay, so off we went! The first half hour or so was tough. I kept panicking and stopping, trying to fiddle with changing the gear on the bike. Eventually I had such bad nausea that I had to get off the bike and sit on the ground. My legs hurt, my stomach hurt, I was out of breath, and my butt was NOT happy at bumping over all those rocks. Raphael was very patient, though, and eventually my bad mood passed and my bike balance improved. Not to mention that the scenery was beautiful: At some point, I literally could not continue (my legs were operating so slowly that the bike would just stop and tip over) so we took a break. We sat on the side of the road, and I scanned the meadow across the stream. A large brown mass moved. Hey, it was fuzzy! Kind of like a teddy- OH GOODNESS. Raphael, what is that? Raphael looked, then said lets get back on the bikes. So, we got back on the bikes, and suddenly (like magic!) I had enough energy to keep going for a while. Its amazing what your body is capable of when that flee-from-bear response kicks in. A few minutes later, I was definitively out of steam, so we stopped for a proper break. I had to do that a couple more times before we reached Franklin Bridge, and in the last few minutes I was walking and pulling my bike along, but we made it! In other news, we went to a rodeo in a little town called Hot Springs (population: roughly that of a large MIT dormitory). The event attracted a huge audience, and we had trouble finding seats. When we did, I felt out of place for not wearing a cowboy hat. Events included: bronco-riding, steer-roping, barrel-racing, and ~drumroll~ WILD COW-MILKING. More on that in a moment. First some pictures of the first few events: And heres a tiny little girl participating in the barrel-racing competition (with Grandma helping her out): Im not sure I had ever seen a horse when I was that age. The final event was wild cow-milking. Four teams of volunteers entered the arena. The event was exactly what you are imagining. A wild cow (one per team) was released from a pen, and the teams raced to catch the cow, tackle it to the ground, and milk it. First team to bring a cup of milk to the judge, won. It was terrifying to watch (I kept thinking that someones skull was going to get smashed in by a cow hoof) but two of the teams were successful and nobody (to my total astonishment) was injured. So, that was my first proper rodeo experience. Ive also been able to do some good old-fashioned astronomy! Blue Mountain Observatory is about an hours drive (mostly uphill) from Missoula. When we arrived, there was a beautiful sunset and a gorgeous view of Lolo Peak ( 9000 ft): We had a barbecue and chatted while the sun finished setting. When it was dark, we slewed the telescope with a very old-fashioned remote control (it was SO cool) with glowing red dials. We looked at M3 (a globular cluster), Saturn (we could see its largest moon, Titan!), and the Ring Nebula. Saturn is one of my favorite objects to look at through a telescope: it looks just like a picture. It doesnt look real. When Galileo first saw Saturn, he couldnt get enough resolution to see its rings: it looked like Saturn had two little blobs on either side of its body. So he drew the rings on like ears. Im currently working on collecting summer summaries from a bunch of French House residents, so stay tuned for that.

Symbolism in the Scarlet Letter - 3886 Words

Symbolism of The Scarlet Letter A symbol is a literary device which is employed to portray another object or individual. In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, it is most often a tangible object he uses to represent an undefined idea, complex in scope and significance. More times than not, it represents reverent, profound, or virtuous concepts of merit. From the substitution of one idea or object for another, to creations as massive, complex, and perplexing as the veil in the Ministers Black veil, are the domain symbols may encompass. Hawthornes notable and unique use of the inanimate letter A, the scenery of the rose bush, and the settings of forest to make the characters -Hester, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and Pearl- into†¦show more content†¦The forest represents a free world and a dark world. For the latter, it is a place where no Puritan law subsists. Luckily, at least for the four main characters, Hawthorne provides such a sanctuary in the form of the mysterious forest. Hawthorne uses the forest to provide a shelter for members of society in need of a refuge from daily Puritan life. In the deep, dark portions of the forest, many of the pivotal characters bring forth hidden thoughts and emotions. Mistress Hibbins invites Hester to attend one of their rendezvous in the forest. Wilt though go with tonight? There will be a merry company in the forest, and I will nigh promised the Black Man that comely Hester Prynne should make one. The forest track leads away from the settlement out into the wilderness where all signs of civilization vanish. This is precisely the escape route from strict mandates of law and religion, to a refuge where men, as well as women, can open up and be themselves. For Pearl, it is a place where she can run and play freely picking flowers and make friends with the animals who live there. It also represents a dark world where witches gather, individuals sell their souls to the devil, and where Dimmesdale can acknowledge h is sin to Hester, but not to the rest of the world. The trees surrounding it allow for only minimal sunlight to penetrate making the forest a place of gloom and darkness that looks to be trapped in the symbol of evil and sin. It isShow MoreRelatedSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter1247 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is simply defined as the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. Symbolism is a common occurrence in literary works and many books use symbolism to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. As in most literary works, symbolism also appears in The Scarlet Letter. There is lots of symbolism used in The Scarlet Letter to convey multiple things and to express many ideas. Symbolism can be found everywhere in The Scarlet Letter and many ofRead MoreSymbolism Of The Scarlet Letter753 Words   |  4 PagesThe Scarlet Letter: Symbolism of the Scarlet ‘A’ Symbolism has many different meanings, and the Scarlet ‘A’ in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† has many different meanings as well. Hester Prynne is the main character who is forced to wear the scarlet letter as remembrance for the crime and the sin that she has committed. This letter completely ruined her reputation in her community. How could a small piece of fabric do so much harm? This letter was a representation of something much greater than the letter ‘A’Read MoreScarlet Letter And Symbolism1045 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scarlet Letter and Symbolism Nathaniel Hawthorne uses many forms of symbolism in his book The Scarlet Letter. Symbolism is, according to Merriam-Webster, â€Å"the art or practice of using symbols, especially by investing things with a symbolic meaning or by expressing the invisible or intangible by means of visual or sensuous representations.† This means that the author was using objects to represent an action or idea. The symbols used in his book is either all physical or visible objects. ManyRead MoreSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter1401 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is a literary style that uses symbols to represent ideas or qualities. Symbolism plays a very important part in The Scarlet Letter because it uses the characters to develop the main idea of the story. The symbols used by Nathaniel Hawthorne help the reader to visualize and understand the meaning of the story. Hawthorne uses Hester Prynne, Pearl, and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale as symbols throughout the book. They are the main characters of the story andRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter Symbolism725 Words   |  3 PagesSymbolism of the â€Å"A† In the novel, â€Å" the scarlet letter†, Hester was being criticized by other women in her town. The people in Hester’s town believed that she had an affair with another man while she was in a relationship with her spouse and she was accused for being unfaithful and committed adultery with that man. Hester Prynne was forced to wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest to show that she was unfaithful and that she committed adultery. The scarlet letter is a symbol of the sin she hadRead MoreSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter1101 Words   |  5 Pages Scarlet Letter Symbolism Essay Nathaniel Hawthorne was a writer in the 1800s, an anti-transcendentalist, and the great-nephew of John Hathorne, a judge in the Salem Witch Trials. Hawthorne is obsessed with Puritanism and, due to being obsessed, bases all his writings on Puritan towns. All of his stories take place in New England in the 1600s, before the Salem Witch Trials; The Scarlet Letter is one of these stories. In his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the symbolism of theRead MoreSymbolism In The Scarlet Letter. Symbolism Is The Use Of1085 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter Symbolism is the use of an object, character, or event to represent something else. Nathaniel Hawthorne, without a doubt, uses symbolism throughout the course of the novel, The Scarlet Letter. The novel takes place in a Puritan community in present-day Boston. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and Pearl are the main characters. They all have major roles and without them, the novel would not be the same. Hester Prynne; married to Roger ChillingworthRead MoreSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter1079 Words   |  5 PagesFrom fairy tales to mythologies, fables to romance to even the simplest short stories of a third grader’s book, almost all of them often comprise a scheme of Heroes vs. Villains, and Good vs. Evil. Similarly, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne also contains many of the same situations and characters with their own symbolic meanings that allow them to express strong and demanding feelings through the symbols that they carry. Hester Prynne, w hom appears as a sinful woman, a shame to the societyRead MoreSymbolism in The Scarlet Letter Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism can be defined as a figure, character, or object that is used to represent complex or abstract ideas. By expressing an idea in the form of an image, the reader can visualize the concept more concretely. The old expression, â€Å"a picture is worth a thousand words,† applies to symbolism as the author creates a visual representation of ideas. The use of symbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter helps to illuminate the overall meaning of the work. At the beginning of the book, theRead MoreSymbolism Of Forest And The Scarlet Letter1051 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism of Forest’s Aspects in Relation to the scarlet l`etter A In the Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne discusses the hurdles Hester Prynne, the protagonist, goes through due to her sinful nature with her child, the mocking Puritans, and the past always creeping up on her. Often these obstacles appear when she is in the forest, making it a very critical locality in the book. Nathaniel Hawthorne brilliantly uses symbolism to convey how the three main aspects of the forest—the stream, the logs

History The American Revolution Essay - 1435 Words

History never teaches fatalism. There comes a moment when the will of a handful of a Freeman breaks through the determination and opens up the roads. Human history has always been filled with individual liberty ideas. Liberty is known to be the idea that is firmly held by men in their hearts, as they were willing to fight or even die for it. It was an ecstatic feeling when they finally achieved it. The people had an idea of a constitutional freedom and the moral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the new state, new species, in the new globe. It inspired liberty worldwide, and this was treasured by all humankind even today. Benjamin Franklin and otherwise men digested the idea of Locke and Montesquieu, which brought forth the enlightenment. Their actions changed the way history was flowing, and it was from then that the American people made the world what it is today. It is believed that without this revolution, the world could have witnessed the rise of the pioneering liberal country. Through that, it could be seemingly aShow MoreRelatedHistory : The American Revolution1442 Words   |  6 PagesHistory never teaches fatalism. There comes a moment when the will of a handful of a Freeman breaks through the determination and opens up the roads. Human history has always been filled with individual liberty ideas. Liberty is known to be the idea that is firmly held by men in their hearts, as they were willing to fight or even die for it. It was an ecstatic feeling when they finally achieved it. The people had an idea of a constitutional freedom and the moral quality, which was strongly held inRead MoreThe A merican Revolution And American History953 Words   |  4 PagesIn the year 1765 the American colonists in the thirteen colonists had an upheaval with Great Britain. The colonists were tired of British Parliament’s rules and taxes that Parliament was placing on imported goods; such as tea. Historians believe that the beginning point in American History really started with the American Revolution. Britain was trying to force their culture onto the colonists. However, the colonist wanted no part in changing their whole cultural background that they created to theRead MoreThe American Revolution And American History Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution was an important moment in American history. The revolution shed new light on how people could live and how a nation could be governed. Looking back, one might think that the British saw the American colonists as a group of people easy to conquer. In the time period of the American Revolution, women were seen more as property rather than active participants in war, but women played a large part in the war. In the end, the American Revolution transformed the United StatesRead MoreAmerican History : The American Revolution1484 Words   |  6 PagesPhuong Dung Ngo History 101 Assignment A 09/17/2014 The American in 1606 History is important because it has always encouraged everyone to think creatively about their nation’s history and take them back to the past in order to learn. The American Revolution (1775-1783) is one of the most famous events in American history. Why did it happen and how did it happen? There are many reasons to explain the colonial feelings leading up to the American Revolution. When the thirteen colonies were foundedRead MoreThe American Revolution And Its Effect On American History1537 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution began in 1775. Due to the Revolution 1775 proved to be one of the most productive years in American history. The American Revolution caused great changes in the original thirteen colonies that helped mold the United States into what it is today. The revolution caused changes in the original colonies’ economics, caused immense changes in slavery, and changed the society of the colonies in general. As a result of the French and Indian war Britain neglected the American coloniesRead MoreAmerican History: A Revolution in the Colonies1900 Words   |  8 PagesRevolution in the Colonies The revolution was more about the political freedom than economic issues. This was a political turmoil that took place between 1775 to 1783; 13 British colonies joined together to liberate themselves from the British Empire and unite to from the United States of America (American Revolutionary War, 2011). It began with the rejection of the Parliament of the Great Britain, which lacked their representation, as governing body from overseas, then followed sending away allRead MoreThe American Revolution : A Significant Part Of American History1399 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution is a very significant part of American History. It is more than just a course for credit. After all, it is the reason behind the birth of this great nation. The American Revolution took place between 1765 and 1783 during which the colonists in the thirteen American colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy, overthrew the authority of Great Britain and founded the the United States of America. By 1763 the crisis had begun to develop. John Adams was right whenRead MoreThe American Revolution : A Major Part Of American History1306 Words   |  6 PagesPhillip Hansen Mrs. Blomme Honors 1 2 October 2014 The American Revolution The American Revolution is greatly known around the United States and was a major part of American History. It was at the time when Britain was in charge of thenewly found colonies, but these colonists were not happy, since Britain is across the Ocean. After too much power being brought from the King to the Colonies, the colonists decided to rebel. The colonists had the intention of causing a rebellion against the BritishRead MoreImpact Of The Market Revolution On American History1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Market Revolution was the most fundamental change in American history all because of three very important developments. These developments consisted of transportation, commercialization and industrialization. Transportation developed many more ways to get around by roads, canals, steamboats and even railroads. Commercialization began to replace household self-sufficiency with goods that were starting to be produced for a cash market. Industrialization was life changing for all of goods that wereRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution And Latin American History1278 Words   |  6 Pages The Haitian Revolution was one of the most important slave revolts in Latin American history. It started a succession of other revolutionary wars in Latin America and ended both colonialism and imperialism in the Americas. The Haitian Revolution affected people from all social castes in Haiti including the indigenous natives, mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin. The idea of starting a rebellion against France began with the colony’s white elite class seeking a capitalist market. These elites in

The Advantages of Starting Your Own Business Free Essays

The advantages of starting your own business Many people dream of owning a business and see it as a way to control their own destiny. Starting a business is an exciting thing that offers many benefits. However, you should also analyze what it takes to run a successful business or how much it costs to start up. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages of Starting Your Own Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although, having your own business is still more beneficial since you can do what you enjoy doing, you can manage your work schedule and last of all you can earn a higher salary from your own business. Owning a business gives you the opportunity to work in a field you enjoy. Workings in an area you are passionate about helps you better handle responsibilities in your business. Owning your own business allows you to create and contribute, which gives your personal satisfaction. Most entrepreneurs working in a field they enjoy also bring in their expertise, which allows them to offer innovative products and services to customers. The second aspect is independence. Entrepreneurship gives you the control over your own business. If you operate a project, you can make the final management decisions regarding your company. Owning a business gives you the power to control whole business. You can participate in every step of the decision-making process. Moreover you can manage your time and adjust your work schedule. For instance, if you have to do something else during the work hours, you can leave and re-schedule your obligations for some other day or after 5 pm. When you work for an employer, you know your annual salary and little opportunity is available to earn more money on your job. Starting your own business gives you the potential to earn a high salary. Productivity, pricing and marketing plans are all in your hand, and the income you earn relates to those activities. Although earning a high salary is not a guarantee forever. However, if it becomes successful, the rewards will be much greater than work for a company. However, there are also disadvantages when you have your own business. One is having the risk of losing not just your money, but also the time and energy you put up if the business does not work out. Another is the overwhelming feeling, in the beginning, of learning several things to start and run the business. And since the business is yours, you are the one take responsible for everything about it. In consequently, starting a business can be scary. But great rewards await entrepreneurs who are lucky enough to create successful businesses not only you can earn earn more salary and become self-independent but also you reward your own life. Although only you can decide if you are ready to create something, here are some of the rewards of going out on your own. How to cite The Advantages of Starting Your Own Business, Essay examples

Budgeting and Its Impact on Financial Reporting †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Budgeting and Its Impact on Financial Reporting. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to find out how manipulating budgets can assist in earnings management. The report will include a discussion on the budgeting process, the person/s involved, why is it done and how it is done to identify the internal factors and/or motives behind the manipulation of budgets and how it assists in earnings management. The importance of knowing how budgets are manipulated will help deter fraud and other unethical behaviors, aid in creating better and effective budgeting alternative, therefore minimizing if not preventing earnings management. This paper utilizes secondary research to answer the question of how manipulating budgets can assist in earnings management by analyzing previous research and studies and by comparing differing viewpoints. The main sources of information for this research are Academic Journals, Trade magazines, and research studies and articles from credible sources both from NAIT library database and the Internet. This report could help managers and/or business owners identify the reasons or motives on why manipulation of budgets happens and how it assists in earnings management. By knowing this, managers and/or business owners can then find alternatives and ways to improve the budgeting process and create a plan to deter this unethical business practice from occurring again. Since earnings management is a broad topic on its own, discussions in this paper is limited to earnings managements in relation to budget manipulation and emphases on internal factors that cause it. Purpose of a budget. Budget is an essential tool to translate general plans into specific, action-oriented goals and objectives (Walther, n.d.). It provides guidance to insiders in an organization such as managers and/or business owners to help achieve organizational goal. The purpose of budgeting is to give those goals and plans financial values, making the progress easily measurable and to transform the strategic ideas into understandable operative actions (Hanninen, 2013). Budgets are useful for allocating the resources of an organization to different areas and departments within it and for controlling and monitoring how such resources are spent. Insiders often have access to a wide range of financial and non-financial information in addition to the budgets when carrying out their internal operations. Therefore, organizations uses budgets to forecast income and expenditure, as means for making important decisions and monitor business performances. Business owners and managers need to be able to predic t if the business is profitable or not, therefore budget forecast is very important because it models how the business should perform financially and how plans should be carried out to achieve profitability targets. Also, budgeting provides financial framework for the decision-making process to make sure that a certain course of action is something planned or not. Lastly, budgeting enables actual business performance to be measured against the forecast business performance. (Isaac, n.d.). Budgeting Process. A good budgeting process engages those who are responsible for adhering to the budget and implementing the organizations objectives (Foley, n.d.). Budgets are typically used to hold managers accountable for their areas of responsibility in the organization; actual results are compared against budgeted goals and timetables, and variances are highlighted. Managers dont mind taking credit forfavorablevariances, when actual comes in better than budget. However, beating the budget for the period doesnt always indicate outstanding performance. A favorable variance could be the result of manipulating the budget so that the budgeted benchmarks can be easily achieved. Budgeting decisions are driven both by mission priorities and fiscal accountability and although budget is made to serve as guide for managers to make financial decisions for the company, it can be altered and use for personal advantage instead. Ethical Issues of budgeting Since budget is simply a tool that can help management plan and control resources, any tool can be misused. The budget processes too often serve as opportunities for self-aggrandizement and enrichment by undeserving and unscrupulous manager. Many will manipulate numbers in their budget reports to inflate results and artificially achieve short-term targets and others will spend money wastefully so as not to see a reduction in next year's budget allocation (Merchant, 2013). Issues arise due to conflicting interest of various people in an organization whether they are directly involved in the budgeting process or not. Most common conflict is between managers and shareholders, and managers and lower level employees. According to Walker K. B. and Fleischman G. M., organizations that linkaccounting measures to pay, frequently deal with a variety of undesirable, and often unethical behaviors. Presently, the business press is replete with stories about how employees engaged in ethically questionable and illegal behaviors to make themselves look better on performance evaluations and obtain bonuses. Generally, these behaviors occur in two related contexts: (1) biasing information or otherwise coordinating activities to game" the realization of budgets or (2) timing reported or actual economic events to shift income between periods, also known as earnings management. Behavioral Implication of Budgeting and Earnings Management. Earnings manipulation or commonly known as Earnings Management is anaccounting technique used by management in many companies to influence earnings to achieve the desired end. This is done to produce financial reports that may portray an overly positive picture of a companys business activities and financial position. Earnings being the most important information in financial reporting is used by different parties in their decisions to determine the firms economic value and the allocation of its resources which is done through budgeting (Nurul Fitri Mohd Noor et al., 2015). Organizations then compare the financial results of their actual operations against their budgets to find out the reasons and sources for the difference. These differences could arise because either the actual operations strayed away from the budget, or the budgets were unrealistic to start with and thus had no chance of being met from the very beginning. Many financial reporting frauds have their origin in overly optimistic budgets and forecasts that subsequently lead to an environment of cooking the books to reach unrealistic goals (Gartenstein, n.d.). This means that a deliberate distortion or falsification of the financial statements is present which gives a misleading picture of a firms financial performance or position. These issues are all components of Earnings Management and as mentioned earlier, these behaviors occur in two related contexts; gaming the budget and income smoothing. Gaming the budget. Budget gaming is a technique of manipulating budget through biasing information or otherwise coordinating activities to game" the realization of budgets. Budget-based performance contracts is considered as one of the most common causes of unethical behavior in organizations. Although the goal of budget-based performance is to motivate people to perform well, this approach has tempted them to engaged in behaviors that include lying, cheating, and shirking. These systems fail to create enduring commitment; instead, they increase dependency rather than empowerment among employees, which leads to management cultures based on fears, all of which may lead to unethical and fraudulent behaviors by both employees and managers. Whether budgetary gaming is an accepted practice or not, organizations behavioral norms are sometimes an explicit factor in determining the ethicality of budgetary manipulation. These behaviors arise in response to management pressure: Generally, higher levels of manage ment are accepting this practice and are concerned more with controlling slack instead of eliminating it. Although there have been good and bad outcomes, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) and the court find these activities unethical. They agree that lying about the occurrence of business transactions, falsifyingaccounting records, and defrauding customers are illegal actions. (Walker K. B. Fleischman G. M, 2013) Income Smoothing. Meanwhile, income smoothing is a technique used in manipulating earnings through timing reported or actual economic events to shift income between periods, also known as earnings management. This is just one of the few patterns or technique in earnings management. In this technique, firms use earnings targets which is frequently rooted in the budget to determine compensation pay. As a result, managers have the incentives to manipulate earnings, the budget, or both to maximize their monetary benefits such as salary, commissions, or bonuses, while at the same time, avoiding actions that might cause subsequent years performance standards difficult to achieve. An example given by Walker K. B. Fleischman G. M is that, managers may choose various inventory and bad debtaccounting methods, or they may manipulate revenues and expenses as the circumstance dictate. Analysis and Recommendation Evaluating and overhauling the budget process Setting realistic goals not over-optimistic budgets. Rewarding employees for accomplishments and not just for achieving targets. Who are involved in budgeting and financial reporting? This is process which to identify the future expenses and income which company will receive. This budgeting will idea or estimation about the future expenses and income which company will have in future. There are following persons involved while preparing budgeting and financial reporting such as management department, financial manager, accounting department and business planner of organization. Budgeting of the organization is prepared by using capital budgeting tools and financial reporting frameworks. However, all stakeholders are involved in preparing budgeting and financial reporting of organization. Therefore, all the key stakeholders who are working at the management team are the person involved in budgeting and financial reporting. Why is it done? Budgeting and financial reporting is prepared to deter fraud and other unethical behaviors. In addition to this, it will also aid in creating better and effective budgeting alternative for making effective financial planning of organization. In simple words, budgeting is prepared to provide guidance to insiders in an organization such as managers and/or business owners to achieve certain financial goals and objective in determined approach. The purpose of budgeting is to give those goals and plans financial values, making the progress easily measurable and to transform the strategic ideas into understandable operative actions. How is it done? This budgeting is prepared by using budgeting tools and using capital budgeting methods such as Net present value method, preparing cash flow by using direct and indirect method and drafting various budgets such as operational and financial budget. This will help company to evaluate the future expenses and income of company to prepare financial planning. This prepared budget will help owners to make effective strategic decision for the betterment of organization and creating effective business functioning. How to prevent it? This report has reflected various limitation and problems which company will face due to its non-efficient budget. However, in order to curb these problems, organization should follow proper trend analysis while preparing budget. This trend analysis will identify all the ups and down of the organization which will identify all the associated factors and problems in budget. This budgeting issues and problems are very common. However, proactive budgeting plans and using project escalation amount is used to help organization from the unforeseen factors and challenges arise due to sluggish market conditions. Conclusion In evaluating the budget process, it is important to remember that a budget is simply a written estimate or a plan of how an entity will perform financially. Thus, a budget should not be prepared on the imaginary data but should be made of primary and secondary data. Now in the end, it would be inferred that budgeting is the most important tool to estimate the future expense and amount of income which company will receive in future. This could be concluded that if company could use proper budgeting tools then it will surely result to effective preparation of budget. References Foley, E. H. (2010). The Budgeting Process. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from https://www.nonprofitaccountingbasics.org/reporting-operations/budgeting-process Gartenstein D. (n.d.). Budgeting Ethics. Retrieved October 11, 2017, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/budgeting-ethics-47002.html Hanninen, V., (2013). Budgeting at a crossroads the viability of traditional budgeting a case study. Masters thesis, Aalto University School of Business. Isaac, L. (n.d.). Purpose of a Budget. Retrieved November 1, 2017, from https://www.leoisaac.com/budget/bud031.htm Merchant, K. A. (2013, July 21). Companies get Budgets All Wrong. Retrieved October 9, 2017, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323873904578571810482331202 Noor, M. N., Sansui, Z. Mm, Heang, L. T., Iskandar, T. M., Isa, M. Y. (2015). Fraud Motives and Opportunities Factors on Earnings Manipulations, Procedia Economics and Finance, 28 126 135. Retrieved November 15, 2017 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212567115010916 Walker, K. B. Fleischman G. M., (2013). Toeing the Line: The Ethics of Manipulating Earning and Budgets. Management and Accounting Quarterly Spring, 14(3): 18-24. Walther, L. (n.d.). Importance of Budgets. Retrieved October 10, 2017, from https://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter-21/budgets/

Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression

Introduction Depression is a stage in stress psychology and it can affect any person across the gender and demographic variables. However, depression is more common in women than men and statistics shows that in the united state in every three reported cases of depression one is a man while the ratio increases to worldwide statistics which stands at 3 to 1.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although, there is much to be researched on the gender differences of depression, there are general causes of depression either environmental or biological. This paper will try to discuss several methodological bias associated with sex depression. Clinician Bias In this description, it argues that people who are over-reliant for self-esteem and identity are more exposed to the risks of getting depression incase of a relation break out. Since self-esteem comes from external sources, these people cannot deal with the loss hence reacting passively. The similarity between the depression-prone people and collection of traits are used to distinguish women in the normal course of body development. The research has shown that there is a relationship between masculinity and depression where lower masculinity results to higher rate of depression. The interpretation here characterizes women with low masculinity hence lower sex orientation in women than in men. Both low masculinity and depression symptoms are as a result of low self-esteem (Helgeson, 2009) Response bias This is referred to as a bias which affects the results of responses or deviation in judgment making on particular situations. It’s believed that men suffer less from depression because of their avoidance in expressing feelings compared to women. It’s also arguable that women are available to nurture each other in case of the depressive feeling hence lowering their rejection. Other evidence indicates that when various socio-economic and demographic factors are carefully controlled sex depression is reduced or totally eliminated. Relatively both male and female youths who are unmarried are in the same risks of getting depressed, but the rate increases to women once they get married. Differing manifestation of Depression Researchers have prescribed that the depression in women and men to be treated differently for they are fully different. Although women depression is denoted by several causes, depressions associated with socio life conditions should not be viewed as a clinical type of depression (Peta, 2002).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It’s taken in a great concern to analyze the reasons leading to depression mostly in women, and then, identify long-lasting strategies to curb this challenge and advocat e for women mental health policies that oversee their needs. It’s, therefore, necessary to any psychiatrist within psychiatry to define mental illness of every patient in order to determine the most appropriate diagnosis and also provides ways to defend against contradictory medical evidence. Furthermore, the problem of depression is much more prevalent in women than it is with men not only as being induced by the societal interaction problems and pressures, but depression in women may become worse due to their biological makeup/ components in the body. In this connection, there are evidence from research results which have shown that women are greatly affected by hormonal factors/ elements such as estrogen, which bring about menopausal symptoms. This is well observed during adolescent or teenager’s stage when the hormonal elements are fully produced and active in the body. In short, this may be perpetuated to old age and be augmented by other environmental factors, es pecially for those exposed under different unfavorable social conditions at workplace and/or within the community they live in. References Helgeson, V. S. (2009). Psychology of Gender. NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Peta, S. (2002). Feminist Research: Prospect and Retrospect. Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women This critical writing on Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Improve Your English Pronunciation

How to Improve Your English Pronunciation One of the most important aspects of learning English is pronunciation. Without clear pronunciation, it is difficult to make yourself understood. First, start by learning individual sounds. After that, focus on the music of the language. You might be surprised by the following statement: Pronouncing every word correctly leads to poor pronunciation! Good pronunciation comes from stressing the right words- this is because English is a time-stressed language. In other words, some words- the content words- receive more focus, whereas other words- function words- are less important. Difficulty: Hard Time Required: Varies Here's How to Improve Your Pronunciation: Start by  learning individual sounds. These are called phonemes.  Use minimal pairs to practice individual vowel sounds. Minimal pairs are words in which only one sound changes. For example, pop - pep - pip - pap  changes the vowel sound. Using minimal pairs helps you isolate a sound to really focus on the small changes in sounds between vowels.  Learn pairs of consonants that are voiced and voiceless and practice through minimal pairs. For example,  f / v  the f sound is voiceless and the v voiced. You can recognize the difference between voiced and voiceless by placing a finger on your throat. Voiced sounds vibrate, whereas voiceless sounds do not vibrate. These pairs include: b / p - z / s - d / t - v / f - zh / sh - dj / ch.Learn the difference between pure vowels and diphthongs such as the oi sound in boy or aee sound in tray.  Learn the following rules concerning pronunciation: English is considered a stressed language while many other languages are considered syllabic. In other languages, such as French or Italian, each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable has its own length). English pronunciation focuses on specific stressed words while quickly gliding over the other, non-stressed, words. Stressed words are considered content words: Nouns e.g. kitchen, Peter- (most) principal verbs e.g. visit, construct- Adjectives e.g. beautiful, interesting- Adverbs e.g. often, carefully Non-stressed words are considered function words: Determiners e.g. the, a- Auxiliary verbs e.g. am, were- Prepositions e.g. before, of- Conjunctions e.g. but, and- Pronouns e.g. they, she. Try It for Yourself Read the following sentence aloud: The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance. Now, read the following sentence aloud: He can come on Sundays as long as he doesnt have to do any homework in the evening. Notice that the first sentence actually takes about the same time to speak well! Even though the second sentence is approximately 30% longer than the first, the sentences take the same time to speak. This is because there are five stressed words in each sentence. Exercise: Write down a few sentences, or take a few example sentences from a book or exercise.First underline the stressed words, then read aloud focusing on stressing the underlined words and gliding over the non-stressed words. Youll be surprised at how quickly your pronunciation improves! By focusing on stressed words, non-stressed words and syllables take on their more muted nature.When listening to native speakers, focus on how those speakers stress certain words and begin to copy this. More Tips toImprove Pronunciation Remember that non-stressed words and syllables are often swallowed in English.Always focus on pronouncing stressed words well, non-stressed words can be glided over.Dont focus on pronouncing each word. Focus on the stressed words in each sentence.

Jehovah Witnesses Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jehovah Witnesses Religion - Research Paper Example The first misconception that I had about Jehovah’s Witness congregation members is that they were forced to knock on people’s doors and witness to them all of the time. This always gave me the impression that they were very aggressive individuals. I do not mind meeting with people in my home to talk about my religious beliefs. Evangelical groups and Mormon missionaries have often visited me. I don’t know if it is simply a matter of style or what, but the Jehovah’s Witness members that I would meet with always seemed tense and ready to argue. I was told that this is the case because they are required to spend a set quota of time each week knocking on people’s doors, distributing the Watchtower magazine and trying to convert people into Jehovah’s Witnesses. My research into this religion showed me that Jehovah’s Witnesses are not required to knock on doors. They do it out of a motivation to spread the Gospel of Jesus, as they understand it. There are no quotas as to the amount of time a person needs to spend in this type of activity but the Jehovah’s Witnesses do make it clear that witnessing as an expected part of the religion, be it door-to-door or otherwise. I understand more fully now the doctrine and motivation that inspire Jehovah’s Witnesses to do what they do. The second coming of Jesus is central to their theology. They really believe that they need to get the word our now before it is too late. What I also learned from my research is the fact that when a special conference is planned, Jehovah’s Witnesses from surrounding areas will concentrate their efforts in order to try to convince people in the community to attend the conference (Byrd, 2011). My prior understanding of this religion was altered through this experience in several ways. First of all, I have a greater respect for the adherents of this religion. Through a greater understanding of their doctrine and after having met with several of them, I can see that my biggest misunderstanding was their motivation for door-to-door meetings. My early assumption was that no one would ever choose to do something like that unless they were compelled to do it. I believe d in all of the rumors I had heard concerning quotas and that they would lose their chosen spot in heaven if they did not go out to try and sell the Watchtower magazine. My research helped me to see past these misconceptions and to view members of the Jehovah’s Witness church in a new light. Instead of seeing aggressive people that were knocking on my door because church leaders compelled them, I now see dedicated individuals committed to living their religion as best they can. This change has been brought about by thorough independent research and meeting with Jehovah’s Witnesses so I could get to know them. What has not changed as a result of my research, however, is the difficulty I have concerning several specific points of doctrine. The preoccupation with the return of Jesus is something that I understood the Jehovah’s Witnesses had going into the research. Their peculiar beliefs concerning the 144,000 chosen to live with God and the evolution of the Earth into a place like the Garden of Eden do not endear me to their religion. Nor does the fact that predictions have been made in year’s past about the coming of Jesus that have been proven false or have been rationalized by saying that the return was â€Å"secret† in some way (What†¦, 2008). The best way to sum up how this experience has altered my prior understanding of the Jehovah’s Witnesses would be to say that I have a greater respect for them as people and adherents of a faith, but even more questions and reservations

Law Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Law Problem - Essay Example Jean-Guy Tremblay as the respondent. The judges present at the hearing were Brian Dickson C.J. and Lamer, Wilson, Gerard La Forest, Claire, L'Heureux-Dube, Sopinka, Gonthier, Cory and McLachlin The Facts The parties in this case were in a relationship which ended after five months of cohabitation. This was because of the beating which Tremblay used to hand Daigle, despite knowing of her pregnancy. At the time of separation, the appellant was 18 weeks pregnant. She, however, decided to undertake an abortion following the separation. The respondent sought an injunction from the court seeking to prevent the mother from having the abortion. The father of the unborn child wanted the court to grant his unborn child right to life. The trial judge in this court found that a foetus is a "human being" under the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. He therefore concluded that the foetus should be accorded a "right to life" under s. 1 (Tremblay, para. 2). Through considering this, the ju dge ruled that the respondent had the necessary â€Å"interest† to make the request for an injunction. The Quebec charter of human rights and freedoms provides for the protection of a foetus before birth (Art. 945). In this article, mechanisms for the protection of a foetus are provided. The article does not, however, accord any additional rights and freedoms to the foetus. The Supreme Court considered these facts before rendering a decision on the appeal. The Anglo- Canadian law does recognize a foetus to be a â€Å"human being† with the aim of protecting its future. It however, goes ahead to define that the rights and freedoms enjoyed by humans can only be accorded to a foetus when it is born alive. This meant that the foetus had to be born first for it to enjoy the privileges enjoyed by other â€Å"humans†. The father at this point was seeking to protect the unborn baby. The foetus is not in a position to defend itself in a court of law. The protection of a f oetus can only be done by a third party who has an interest in the future of the baby. The lower court based its ruling on the fact that the father had interest on the baby and was acting as a third party to protect the foetus. The ruling by a lower court awarding the respondent in this Supreme Court case injunction is what led to the appeal. The court of appeal, however, dismissed the appellant’s case and upheld the injunction that had been earlier awarded. Ms. Daigle, the appellant, then went on and appealed in the Supreme Court. Before the Supreme Court made its decision, she left the province of Quebec and went to the United States of America to terminate the pregnancy. Prior proceedings In the Quebec superior court, the father was the plaintiff while the mother was defendant. The father sought injunction to bar the mother from having an abortion. The court concluded that a foetus is a â€Å"human being† under the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. It the refore should enjoy a â€Å"right to life† and a â€Å"right to assistance† under ss. 1 and 2 respectively. While recognizing the inconvenience that would be caused by the injunction, the court decided the foetus’ rights should prevail in the situation (Tremblay, para. 3 & 4). The defendant appealed to the Quebec court of appeal and the case was dismissed for two reasons. First,

Methods For Determination Of Heavy Metals Biology Essay

Methods For Determination Of Heavy Metals Biology Essay There are various analysis methods applied by researchers to determine the heavy metal contents of a particular sample. Of the various analytical methods used, atomic absorption spectroscopic methods are the most commonly used methods to determine the amount of heavy metals present in a particular sample. Preconcentration and separation methods have been routinely used to eliminate matrix effects and cope with low metal levels. Different preconcentration technique for heavy metals such as cloud point extraction, solid phase extraction and acid preconcentration were performed by researchers before the samples being analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. 2.1.1 Determination of heavy metals by using cloud point extraction before flame atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis Chan and Teo (2001) used cloud point extraction (CPE) for the simultaneous pre-concentration of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc after the formation of a complex with 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) before the sample undergoing analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) using octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) as surfactant. Cloud point extraction is a separation and preconcentration procedure that has been extensively applied for trace metal determination in several different matrices. It is simple, rapid, high extraction efficiency and environmentally friendly. Its major advantages are simple experimental procedures, low cost, high preconcentration factors, and environmental safety. Cloud-point extraction is the preconcentration of target metal ion using surfactants such as non-ionic and anionic surfactants. Under the optimum conditions, the aqueous surfactant solution becomes clouding and separating into two phases which are aqueous and surfactant-rich pha ses. The interested analytes are extracted and concentrated into surfactant-rich phase. The surfactant rich phase with interested analytes is analysed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The water samples tested in this experiment are tap water, river water, sea water and a standard reference material (SRM). The chemical variables affecting the separation phase and the viscosity affecting the detection process including 50mL of sample, temperature of 40à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C, pH of 8.6, 2ÃÆ'-10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 mol là ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 of TAN complexing agent, 0.05% non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114 were optimized. Table 1: Limit of Detection and Sensitivity of F-AAS analysis for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in Water Samples (n=10). (Chen and Teo, 2001) Table 1 gives the calibration parameters, the relative standard deviation obtained for 10 analyte samples subjected to the complete procedure and the detection limits. In this case, linear relationships between the absorbance measured and the concentration of metal prepared for the calibration solution were obtained. The sensitivity of F-AAS for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn analysis are 0.9982, 0.9987, 0.9995 and 0.9992 respectively. In addition, pre-concentration of 50 ml of sample in the presence of 0.05% Triton X-114 showed the detection of 0.099, 0.27, 1.1 and 0.095 ng mLà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, respectively. Table 2: Recovery analysis of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in water samples by F-AAS (n=3) (Chen and Teo, 2001) Table 2 shows the recovery percentage of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in tap water, river water and sea water by F-AAS. Recovery experiments for different amounts of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were carried out. The overall recovery percentages in this experiment for the four heavy metal elements were in the range of 98 % to 104 %. 2.1.2 Determination of trace elements in waters after preconcentration with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol Gentscheva et al. (2012) determined heavy metals using F-AAS after pre- concentrating the water samples with 2-nitroso-1 naphthol. 2-nitroso-1-napthol is a chelating agent that has been used for precentration of cobalt as well as for the preconcentration of cobalt as well as for the solid phase extraction of Th, Ti, Fe, Pb and Cr from waters. The purpose of this experiment was to study the possibilities for preconcentration of trace amounts of Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, and Pd using 2-nitroso-1-naphthol with analysis of F-AAS. The method developed was tested for reliability using a reference material which was SPS-WW2, Batch no.108, Spectrapure Standards AS (Oslo, Norway) and this method was applied to the determination of traces of these elements in capture water and waste water. A comparison between ethanol and 1- ethanolic solution of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol was done by plotting calibration curves. It was found that 2-nitroso-1-naphthol suppressed the absorbance of the interested trace elements ideally. Figure 1: Effect of sample volume on the recovery of Ni, Co, Cu, Cd and Pd with 2- nitroso-1-naphthol. (Gentscheva et al., 2012) Figure 1 showed the effect of sample volume on the recovery of trace elements in the range from 20 to 250 ml. As can be seen, the maximum sample volume allowing a better quantitative recovery of the analytes which was more than 95% was 160ml. At higher sample volumes the recovery gradually decreases. 11ml of optimum volume for 1% ethanolic 2-nitroso-1-naphthol was also determined. Figure 2: Effect of time of complexation on the recovery of Ni, Co, Cu, Cd and Pb with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol (Gentscheva et al., 2012) Figure 2 showed the effect of time of complexation on the preconcentration of trace elements in experiment. The effect of time of complexation was studied in the range of 15 to 60 minutes. The optimum time of complexation obtained was 40 minutes. Longer complexation time did not bring any effect on the recovery of the trace elements. Table 3: Determination of Cu, Co, Ni, Cd and Pd in capture water from the region of an old copper mine (Bov, Bulgaria) and waste water from the copper plantAssarel, Bulgaria Table 3 shows the concentration of interested trace elements obtained from F-AAS analysis. From the table, copper was the trace element with the highest content not only in the waste water sample, but also in the capture water sample. The latter may be attributed to the high residual level of this element in the environment of the former copper mine. The Pd contents in water samples were below the detection limit of the method. 2.1.3 Solid-phase extraction of metal ions from environmental samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) Duran et al.(2007) used a column packed with Amberlite XAD-2010 resin as a solid-phase extractant for the preconcentration of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions based on their complex formation with the sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Na-DDTC) subjected to flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) determinations. Metal complexes sorbed on the resin were eluted by 1 mol Là ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 HNO3 in acetone. Effects of the analytical conditions for the preconcentration yields of the metal ions, such as pH, quantity of Na-DDTC, eluent type, sample volume and flow rate have been investigated. Figure 3: Effect of pH on the retention of the metal ions (n=4). (Duran et al., 2007) Figure 3 showed that the effect of the pH that had been studied in experiment. pH of samples in the range 2 to 12 by adjusting the metal solutions with buffer solutions. Cu and Co were quantitatively recovered more than 95% in the pH range from 2 to 9. Quantitative recoveries were obtained in the pH range 3 to 9 for Ni, 4 to 9 for Cd, 5 to 9 for Pb, and 7 to 9 for Mn. According to the results, the optimum pH for multi-element preconcentration of the metals was 6, except for Mn for which the value is 8. Figure 4: Effect of ligand quantity on the recoveries. (Duran et al., 2007) Figure 4 showed the determination of amount of ligand needed for preconcentration of metal ions. From the figure above, it showed the preconcentration yields of the six metal ions were 11 to 21% without chelating agent. The preconcentration yields increased with the addition of Na-DDTC. The quantitative values were obtained after 2.0 mg of Na-DDTC. As the result, 5.0 mg of Na-DDTC was chosen as optimum value for the next works. Figure 5: Effect of sample volume. (Duran et al., 2007) Figure 5 showed the determination of sample volume in order to deal with real water samples which were containing very low concentrations of the metal ions. The recoveries were found to be stable until 500mL. Thus, 500mL was chosen as the optimum sample volume to work. In this work, the final solution volume to be measured by FAAS was 5.0 mL, hence the preconcentration factors were 100 for all the six metal ions. Figure 6: Effect of flow rate on the recoveries. (Duran et al., 2007) Figure 6 showed the study of sample flow rate in the experiment. The flow rate of sample solution through the Amberlite XAD-2000 column is a very important factor. The recovery percentage increases with the reduced flow rate, causing the preconcentration time increases. In order to obtain the quantitative recovery and to reduce the preconcentration time, the effect of sample flow rate was studied in the range 2 to 40mLminà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1. 10.0mLminà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1 was chosen as the sample flow rate. This flow rate is high enough to load the sample in a moderate short time and allowing metal/Na-DDTC chelates to interact with XAD-2010. Table 4: Trace metals contents of real water samples with the proposed method (n=3) Table 4 showed the determination of concentration of trace metals in real water samples with the proposed method. Six sample collection sites were determined and under optimal conditions. There was no detection of Cd in all of the six water samples. There was also no detection of Co in Solakli stream, Kisarna mineral water, Of stream water and black tea while Ni was also cannot be detection by F-AAS in the water samples such as Kisarna mineral water and Of stream water. Overall relative standard deviations for Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) ions were less than 5 %. 2.2 Sample Analysed For Determination of Heavy Metals Heavy metals can be found in various materials, not only in water samples. By performin different analytical methods, most researchers had determined the presence of heavy metals, commonly, Cd, Pb, Cr and Cu to name a few, in environmental samples which include water sample, food samples, biological samples and plastic materials as well. 2.2.1 Environmental samples Among the environmental samples that had been tested to determine trace toxic metals level are the water samples such as capture water and waste water (Gentscheva et al., 2012); river water, tap water and sea water (Chan and Teo, 2010) and sea water; soil samples heavy metals determination which carried out by Capitelli et al. (2002) in order to investigate the contents of chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. 2.2.2 Food samples Many experiments for determining heavy metal contents have been performed on food samples. Ghaedia et al. (2008) determined the presence of chromium, iron, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt and zinc in cow meat, spinach, liver and fish samples. Muà ±oz and Palmero (2004) determine the presence of cadmium, lead and copper in milk by using potentiometric stripping analysis while Tripathi et al. (1999) determined zinc, lead, copper and cadmium in human milk, milk powder and baby food. Vegetable and fruits that we usually consumed as part of our daily diet intake were also found to have trace amount of heavy metals. Radwan and Salama (2006) determined the heavy metals such as zinc, copper, cadmium and lead contents in strawberry, apples, banana, eggplant, lettuce and many more. Determination of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc in beverage such as tea, coffee, dairy products, fruit juices, carbonated soft drinks and wines was carried out by Onianwa et al. ( 1999) , using an air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 2.2.3 Biological Samples Other than environmental samples and food samples, several researches had also been carried out to determine heavy metal contents in biological samples such as human urine and blood which are the most common tested samples for determination of heavy metals. Suleiman et al. (2008) determined the presence of cadmium, cobalt, nickel and lead in human urine,  blood and serum samples by black stones online coupled with ICP-OES. In addition, Aguiar et al.(2012) determined the presence of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc which are essential for reproduction by using ICP-MS. 2.2.4 Plastic samples The plastic samples that commonly tested to determine the heavy metal contents are the plastic toys (Omolaoye, Uzairu and Gimba, 2010); waste electrical and electronic equipment such as mobile phones (Nnoroma and Osibanjob, 2010), computer mouse, printer, keyboards, refrigerators, washing machines, personal computer and television (Onwughara et al., 2010); and small waste electrical and electronic equipment which includes plastic materials from household appliances such as vacuum cleaners, pocket calculators, video games, body care appliances, clocks and watches as well.( Dimitrakakis et al., 2009) 2.3 Permissible Limits of Heavy Metals in Waste Water Samples For every product that available in the market, there must be a limit of the substances added that will gives the details of the contents of that particular product to ensure the safety of the product to consumer. According to Environmental Quality Act (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulation 1979, the maximum contaminant level of copper, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel in waste water are 0.20, 0.01, 0.05, 0.20 and 0.20 ppm respectively. This means that if waste water sample was found to contain either one of the heavy metals mentioned having values exceeding the maximum contaminant level, that particular waste water sample could pose health hazards and environmental pollution to human being. 2.4 Improving the Sensitivity of Heavy Metals in F-AAS Analysis High sensitivity of the analysis of the presence of heavy metals present in a waste water sample are needed to give a reliably accurate and precise result in some cases where there is only a slightly difference in the amount of heavy metals. The sensitivity of various heavy metals in F-AAS analysis can be enhanced by several methods. 2.4.1 Copper, Cadmium and Lead The sensitivity of F-AAS analysis for the detection of Cu, Cd and Pb can be enhanced by performing online sensitivity enchancement method involving the implementation of various designs of quartz tubes of slotted tube atom traps (STAT) system as published by Yaman (2005). In this technique, quartz tubes which had a 5 and 6 mm diameter and 2.3cm for an upper slot length, produced the best sensitivity as high as with the factor of 6- and 10-fold enhancement for Pb and Cd respectively. 2.4.2 Other Heavy Metals The sensitivity of F-AAS analysis for the detection of heavy metals can be increased by using pre-concentration methods such as chromatographic method, extraction method, drying and ashing method, electrochemical method and miscellaneous method published by Rottschafer, Boczkowski and Mark (1971).

Trouble with Television

The trouble with television My viewpoints on the book written by Marie Winn â€Å"The Trouble with Television† which talks about how television has a negative effects on children and family. I’ve read the book and I agreed with everything author Marie Winn wrote, so I have decided to argue for her on the major points of the book.My first argument for the book will be about the family, it talks about how â€Å"TV Keeps Families From Doing Other Things†, which it explains how a child that spends too much time watching TVs will miss out on a very important part of their learning development, because in the home its where much of the child learns an if the child is watching TV and not learning and bonding with their family, the television will turn off the process that transforms children into people.My second argument will be about TVs is a hidden competitor for all other activities   this topic is about how TVs takes most of your time so you don't have time to do anything else ,TVs is competing with every activities an TVs is the one of the reason why some activities people never get to doThe book also says â€Å"That TVs takes the place of physical fitness and play†, I totally agree with that statement because too many kids are just watching TV, not doing any physical activities at all, studies are showing that people are watching more TVs an getting more obese due to a lack of physical activities, to me after finding that out too much TVs has such a negative effect on physical health, I’ve decide to cut down on the number of hours I spend watching TVs.TV has such a negative effect on school achievement ,that was one of the main points in The Trouble with Television book ,it explains how excessive TVs watching directly negatively affects the brain ,in other words   turns the brain into mush due to more watching TVs and less studying. In my opinion I agree with everything author Marie Winn wrote in The Trouble with Televisio n book.I agree that too TVs is a big problem . I once use to watch TVs so much and never studied I was failing in school, and when I finally turned off the TVs and picked up a book, my grades an my life became so much better, when you turn off the TVs you come back to reality an so some world that wastes your time

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Point of View Essay Topics and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Point of View Essay Topics and How It Can Affect You Lies You've Been Told About Point of View Essay Topics It's very clear that in order to generate the appropriate decision the effective leader should use all his abilities and abilities. The leader will give orders that is precisely why he is accountable for all of the processes in the organization. An additional important thing that's vital for the effective leader is to get courage to be able to enhance the situation in the organization or to change something. As a way to turn into a productive leader it's also extremely important to see what should be accomplished. Word game If you're good at the association game, this technique is excellent for you. You place the keywords of your topic in the middle, and around them different spheres linked to the theme. Thematic flower This romantic method is great if you want to appear at your topic from various perspectives. A shadow box is a fantastic means to display larger dog-related items which will not match in a normal frame. Most Noticeable Point of View Essay Topics You always ought to be sure that your statement creates a debatable assertion. The author has the capability to provide a crystal clear picture of what is happening with the principal characters of the story line. Consider your essay in conditions of paragraphs, with each paragraph addressing a distinct element of the argument. End up with a potent conclusion. The 5-Minute Rule for Point of View Essay Topics You can't be alive in that type of city, because even if you aren't yet born they all know what type of person will be. En effective leader can supply an effective work in the organization or another group. Most men and women in Norway, would, on the flip side, probably complain. Third person is easily the most typical point of view employed in stories. How to Choose Point of View Essay Topics The cost of an essay rides on t he quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Keep in mind that unless the essay calls for you to write about yourself, or to directly tackle the reader, stay concentrated on the topic of the essay and you'll be well on your way to a good bit of writing! 1 last point, argumentative essays do not have to be boring. Writing a college essay can arrive in various forms and styles based on your taste. The majority of the texts in our set of Classic British and American Essays require the first-person perspective. Then perhaps you've got a narrative essay is a significant research paper bags in the perspective or third individual. You must use I as the principal method to cover the readers with this essay. Make certain you can find with a couple of excellent drafts and then it's possible to select the very best one as a way to add it to your essay. Frankly speaking, it is very difficult to define the flavor of the dust. It's a harsh truth of life that human beings don't always agree. The very first minutes of routine life make us bring an attitude to the range of events in our everyday routine. A first-person point of somebody's life. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Point of View Essay Topics The entire class of young ladies, whose bread is dependent upon their labour, are taught to feel that the absolute most abject poverty is preferable to domestic support. Wha t's more, there are varieties of environmental elements which may effect demand for the shift. An individual may not see the negativity of contemporary invention because of the graduation degradation of the surroundings in extents that aren't recognized by humans beings. On the flip side, the universal language may get the decline of national cultures. You don't need to use all potential arguments, but you can decide on the most persuading ones. The most important idea doesn't deal with inattentiveness. Your guilt dart can't penetrate. What You Need to Do About Point of View Essay Topics Starting in the Next 7 Minutes For instance, it will be simpler to give education since there would not be any demand for learning foreign languages. Besides types of changes it's essential to understand numerous the important factors and inquiries which ought to be raised to be able to embark on and implement successful transform within corporation. There are several types of organization al changes based on different things. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. The Hidden Gem of Point of View Essay Topics Don't feel you have to qualify your opinions by injecting first person in your writing. Before you commence writing you want to get a focus. Before you write anything, be certain to assess the purpose and writing situation so that it's clear from the start of the writing process. Make certain you use a suitable language that satisfies your audience.

Financial Problem Among Students - 817 Words

Introduction â€Å"No money no talk†. Money, money and money. People always mentioned this word in their life. Do you think money is important in our life besides food, shelter and love? If you think so, then why we need it? Nowadays, we always heard about bank robbery, snatch thefts, loan sharks and others through media. Why did these crimes happened? It is because they have financial problem in their life until they involved in crimes. Financial problem also happened among students especially when they further their study away from their hometown. Students always complaint about sort of money. 1.2 Statement of Problem This paper examines the reasons student have poor financial management, spending on non-necessary things or overspend†¦show more content†¦They can be easily influenced by their friend. Especially when they spend their money at expensive places like Pizza Hut, McDonalds and Starbucks. Spending your money at expensive places easily can make your money gone so fast. Besides, they like to follow their friend’s trend and lifestyle. For example, when their friends having a new mobile phones then the individual start to feel envy and make a desire toShow MoreRelatedBankruptcy Among Youth1748 Words   |  7 Pagesrepayment for car purchase loan. In short, the problem of bankruptcy among youth has to be taken seriously. 2.0 Problem Statement Statistics by the AKPK indicated that the number of individual bankruptcy cases had raised by 11.2% to 18,053 cases in 2010 and increased by a further 6.2% to 19,167 cases in 2011 (Curbing Credit Card Abuse, 2012). 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